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中（高）密度纤维板（MDF-Medium Density Fiberboard，以下简称中纤板）制造业属于人造板制造业的子行业。由于中纤板具有材质细密、性能稳定等优点,在中国应用领域不断扩大，中纤板的生产和消费量逐年上升，已成为人造板市场需求的主流。
由于具有原料来源广泛、物理稳定性强，能使劣质原料变成幅面宽阔的优质板材，人造板已逐步成为木材的主要替代品。到2007年底，中国已有人造板企业6000多家，生产规模超过8000万立方米，成为世界人造板生产和消费第一大国。据中国林产工业协会预测，依照人造板工业历史产量的平均增长速度，“十一五”期间，中国人造板工业将以高于同期国民经济3-5 个百分点的速度增长。
随着行业的快速增长，人造板主要产品产能也在迅速扩张。在三大主要板材中，胶合板以约占三大主要板材总产量50%的份额长期保持主导地位。然而，由于胶合板以优质大径级木材为主要原料，受国家对实木制品消费税及出口退税政策调整的影响，产品份额明显下降。预计“十一五”末期，其份额将下降至三大板材总产量的40%左右。中纤板和刨花板则以林区剩余物和次小薪材为原材料，受国家产业政策的鼓励。但是，刨花板由于产品质量普遍不高且在家具制造中用量较少，近年发展较缓。比较而言，中纤板的生产资源利用率高，产品材质细密、性能稳定、边缘紧密便于加工，近年来在产量迅速增加的同时，在人造板产品结构中的份额也越来越高。
图 2001-2007年中国中纤板产量及其他人造板的对比
资料来源：中国林产工业协会、国家林业局
单位：万立方米
中国的中纤板行业将随着人民生活水平的不断提高，尤其是随着中央的“三农”问题的不断解决，西部大开发、东北的振兴和中部的屈起等战略措施不断实现，中国的国民经济发展，尤其是房地产将保持一定的发展速度，这样，对家具、音响设备、装修和装饰、包装、汽车等的需求量必然增大，这些行业的发展必然带动中纤板的消费量，预计到2010年中国中纤板需求量将达到2700万立方米，而到2015年，中国的中纤板需求量将达到3570万立方米左右。因此，中纤板市场的发展空间仍较大，但是，原材料供应不足将一定程度地限制中纤板的产量。
Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF) manufacturing industry is the sub-industry of manmade board manufacturing industry. Due to the advantages of MDF, like finer material and steady performance, its application in China is increasingly becoming wider and wider and China MDF output and consumption are also continuously expanding, which has made MDF the mainstream market demand for manmade board in China.
Since the features of manmade board, including wide source of raw materials, strong physical stability, enable producers to make wide high-quality board out of poor raw materials, manmade board has become the main substitution of timber gradually. By the end of 2007, China has had more than 6,000 manmade board manufacturers with a production capacity exceeding 80 million cubic meters, making China the largest country in the world in terms of production and consumption of manmade board. According to the forecast by China National Forest Product Industry Association, during the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period (2006-2010), China’s manmade board sector is expected to have a higher growth rate than the national economy by 3-5 percentage points in the same period.
With the rapid growth of industry, the production capacity of main manmade board products is also expanding rapidly. Among the three main boards, plywood has maintained the leading position for long by taking up 50% share of the total output of the three main boards. However, the market share of plywood has dropped dramatically, due to the factors that its main raw material is high quality and large-diameter lumber and policy adjustments by the central government to consumption tax and export rebate on solid wood products. It is forecasted that its share will fall to about 40% of the total output by the end of 2010. MDF and flakeboard take forest residues and sub-quality & small fuelwood as their raw materials, so they are encouraged by the national industry policy. Nevertheless, flakeboard has developed slowly in recent years, since its quality is generally not high and its application in furniture manufacturing is not big. Relatively, MDF output has increased rapidly in recent years, and meanwhile, its share in manmade board product mix has become increasingly larger and larger, thanks to its high production resource utilization, fine materials and steady performance.
Output Comparison between China MDF and Other Manmade Board, 2001-2007 (Unit: 10,000 cubic meters)
Source: China Forestry Industry Association; State Forestry Administration
With the improvement of living standard, China’s MDF sector will surely continue to grow, boosted powerfully by continuous execution of several key government development plans, including the China Western Development Program, the Plan of Revitalizing Northeast China, the Rise of Central China as well as the policy on solving the Problems of “Agriculture, Villages and Farmers”. China’s economic growth, especially its sustained development of real estate industry, will inevitably stimulate a big growth in the demand for furniture, audio equipment, renovation & decoration, packaging and automobile, which will certainly propel the growth in the MDF consumption. It is forecasted that China’s demand for MDF will reach 27 million cubic meters in 2010 and about 35.7 million cubic meters in 2015. Therefore, there is still a large space for the development of MDF market. However, its output will be restricted, to some extent, by the short supply of raw materials. |